H E A L T H B U L L E T I N

H E A L T H B U L L E T I N Nature Cure and Natural Methods of Treatment

"TOPIC OF THE WEEK "

Always use these and Live a Healthy Good Life

1. Mushroom

MUSHROOM EAR

Slice a mushroom in half and it resembles the shape of the human ear. And guess what? Adding it to your

cooking could actually improve your hearing. That's because mushrooms are one of the few foods in our diet

that contain vitamin D. This particular vitamin is important for healthy bones, even the tiny ones in the ear

that transmit sound to the brain.

2. Banana

BANANA SMILE

Cheer yourself up and put a smile on your face by eating a banana.
The popular fruit contains a protein called tryptophan. Once it has been digested, tryptophan then gets converted

in a chemical neurotransmitter called serotonin. This is one of the most important mood-regulating chemicals in the

brain and most anti-depressant drugs work by adjusting levels of serotonin production. Higher levels are associated

with better moods.

3. Broccoli

BROCCOLI CANCER

Close-up, the tiny green tips on a broccoli head look like hundreds of cancer cells. Now scientists know this disease-busting

veg can play a crucial role in preventing the disease. Last year, a team of researchers at the US National Cancer Institute

found just a weekly serving of broccoli was enough to reduce the risk of prostate cancer by 45 per cent. In Britain , prostate

cancer kills one man every hour.

4. Ginger

GINGER STOMACH

Root ginger, commonly sold in supermarkets, often looks just like the stomach. So it's interesting that one of its biggest benefits

is aiding digestion.

The Chinese have been using it for over 2,000 years to calm the stomach and cure nausea, while it is also a popular remedy

for motion sickness. But the benefits could go much further. Tests on mice at the University of Minnesota found injecting

the chemical that gives ginger its flavour slowed down the growth rate of bowel tumours.

5. Cheese

CHEESE BONES

A nice holey cheese, like Emmenthal, is not just good for your bones, it even resembles their internal structure. And like most

cheeses, it is a rich source of calcium, a vital ingredient for strong bones and reducing the risk of osteoporosis later in life.

Together with another mineral called phosphate, it provides the main strength in bones but also helps to power muscles.

Getting enough calcium in the diet during childhood is crucial for strong bones. A study at Columbia University in New

York showed teens who increased calcium intake from 800 mg a day to 1200 mg equal to an extra two slices of cheddar -

boosted their bone density by six per cent.

6. Grapes

GRAPES LUNGS

OUR lungs are made up of branches of ever-smaller airways that finish up with tiny bunches of tissue called alveoli. These

structures, which resemble bunches of grapes, allow oxygen to pass from the lungs to the blood stream. One reason that

very premature babies struggle to survive is that these alveoli do not begin to form until week 23 or 24 of pregnancy. A diet

high in fresh fruit, such as grapes, has been shown to reduce the risk of lung cancer and emphysema.

Grape seeds also contain a chemical called proanthocyanidin, which appears to reduce the severity of asthma triggered by allergy.

7. Tomato

TOMATO HEART

A TOMATO is red and usually has four chambers, just like our heart.

Tomatoes are also a great source of lycopene, a plant chemical that reduces the risk of heart disease and several cancers. The

Women's Health Study, an American research programe which tracks the health of 40,000 women, found women with the

highest blood levels of lycopene had 30 per cent less heart disease than women who had very little lycopene. Lab experiments

have also shown that lycopene helps counter the effect of unhealthy LDL cholesterol.

One Canadian study, published in the journal Experimental Biology and Medicine, said there was convincing evidence that lycopene

prevented coronary heart disease.

8. Walnut

WALNUT BRAIN

The gnarled folds of a walnut mimic the appearance of a human brain - and provide a clue to the benefits. Walnuts are the only

nuts which contain significant amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. They may also help head off dementia. An American study

found that walnut extract broke down the protein-based plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease. Researchers at Tufts

University in Boston found walnuts reversed some signs of brain aging in rats.

Untold story - Madiba

http://iskconbookdistribution.com/the-untold-story-of-nelson-mandela-the-bhagavad-gita/

The untold story of Nelson Mandela & the Bhagavad Gita

Hare Krishna.

I thought you might like to know a little bit of the untold side of Nelson Mandela. He came several times to ISKCON's Ratha Yatra in South Africa while he was president of the nation. The first time Bhakti Tirtha Swami met him, in the course of their conversation, Maharaja quoted a Gita verse. Half-way thru the verse, Mandela quoted the rest of it. BT Swami was surprised. He asked "You know the Gita?" Mandela said "Try me." Every Gita verse Bhakti Tirtha Maharaja knew, Nelson knew as well. Naturally, BT Swami asked "How is this?"

Nelson Mandela explained that he was imprisoned on Robbins Island along with some of his fellow leaders of their political party, the ANC. One of them was an Indian-bodied lawyer. The South African government tried to break them by giving them mindless labor and routine. Realizing that they needed to keep their minds actively engaged, the Indian lawyer taught Nelson Mandela Gita verses which they quoted and discussed back and forth to transcend their daily drudgery. Nelson Mandela told Bhakti Tirtha Maharaja that learning the Gita helped keep him sane and did much to infuse his view of the world and his strategies for bringing independence and a better future for the South African people. Bhakti Chaitanya Maharaja, the GBC for South Africa adds: "When Mr. Mandela visited our temple the first time (he came several times thereafter as well) he, with dignity and humility bowed before Srila Prabhupada, and then asked (me) "How did he do it?", meaning how did Srila Prabhupada spread Krishna consciousness all over the world. We then had a brief discussion about how Srila Prabhupada gave Krishna consciousness to all nationalities and types of people, without discrimination, and Mr Mandela was deeply struck by this, and was very appreciative of Srila Prabhupada.

your servant,
Prananatha dasa

RENOWNED PAINTINGS WITH HIDDEN CODE..

RENOWNED PAINTINGS WITH HIDDEN CODE..

1.Mona Lisa: a Real Hidden Code In Her Eyes. Intrigue is usually focused on her enigmatic smile. However, under the microscope,

historians in Italy have discovered that by magnifying the eyes of the Mona Lisa painting, tiny numbers and letters can be seen. Experts

say the barely distinguishable letters and numbers represent something of a real-life Da Vinci code: in the right eye appears to be the letters

LV which could well stand for his name, Leonardo Da Vinci, while in the left eye there are also symbols but they are not as defined. Of

course, it's very difficult to make them out clearly but they appear to be the letters CE, or it could be the letter B. In the arch of the bridge

in the background the number 72 can be seen or it could be an L and the number 2. Also the number 149 with a fourth number erased

appear behind the picture, which suggests Da Vinci painted it when he was in Milan in the 1490s. You have to remember the ­picture is

almost 500 years old so it is not as sharp and clear as when first painted.

2.The Last Supper: A Mathematical Astrological Puzzle, Plus A Secret Musical Score. The Last Supper has also been the target

of much speculation, usually centered around supposed hidden messages or hints found within the painting. Slavisa Pesci, an information

technologist, created an interesting visual effect by overlaying a semitransparent, mirrored version of the painting on top of the original.

The result is two figures that look like Templar knights appear at both ends of the table, while someone possibly holding an infant stands

to Jesus' left. Giovanni Maria Pala, an Italian musician, has indicated as well that the positions of hands and loaves of bread can be

interpreted as notes on a musical staff, and if read from right to left, as was characteristic of Leonardo's writing, form a musical composition.
Sabrina Sforza Galitzia, a Vatican researcher, claimed to have deciphered the "mathematical and astrological" puzzle in Leonardo's

The Last Supper. She said that he foresaw the end of the world in a "universal flood" which would begin on March 21, 4006, and end on

November 1 the same year. She believed that this would mark "a new start for humanity".

3.The Creation of Adam: The Floating Brain Divinity. Michelangelo's "The Creation of Adam" has endured not only as the most famous

of the Sistine Chapel panels, but also one of the single most iconic images of humanity. Michelangelo is recognized as one of the greatest painters

and sculptors from the Italian Renaissance. What is not so widely known is that he was an avid student of anatomy who at the age of 17 began

dissecting corpses from the church graveyard. Now a pair of American experts in neuroanatomy believe Michelangelo did leave some anatomical

illustrations behind in one of his most famous works - the Sistine Chapel. While some might dismiss this as a coincidence, experts suggest that it

would be harder to explain that this was not Michelangelo's intention. Even complex components within the brain, such as the cerebellum, optic

chiasm and pituitary gland can all be found in the picture. As for that sassy green sash running down the pons/spinal column/dude-holding-God-up,

it follows the path of the vertebral artery perfectly.

4.Sistine Chapel: Another Human Brain Seen From Below. Similar to the masterpiece "The Creation of Adam", experts assure into to the Sistine

Chapel panels another figure of God has a hidden code. They noticed that God's throat and chest had anatomical irregularities, which were not present

in any other figure in the fresco. And while the figures are illuminated diagonally from the lower left, God's neck is illuminated straight-on. They

concluded that what looks like clumsiness must have been deliberate work by the genius. By superimposing God's odd-looking neck on the photograph

of a human brain seen from below they showed the two matched precisely. They added that a strange roll of fabric that extends up the centre of God's

robe could represent the human spinal cord. The lumpy neck in the God figure (A) of the panel matches a photograph of the human brain when seen from

below (B) while (C) shows the various parts of the brain apparently hidden in the painting. Nevertheless Michelangelo also depicted other anatomical

features elsewhere in the ceiling, according to other scholars; notably the kidney, which was familiar to Michelangelo and was of special interest to him

as he suffered from kidney stones.

5.The Madonna with Saint Giovannino: Sightings Of UFOs. In addition to to get our attention with the rock hard Baby Jesus abs, Domenico

Ghirlandaio's Madonna with Saint Giovannino also features an interesting little blob hovering in the sky over Mary's left shoulder. Above Mary's

left shoulder we observe a disk shaped object that appears to be shining. It is an object which the artist depicted in huge detail making sure it would

stand out in his work of art. To the right of the painting we can see a man that is holding his right arm above his eyes with which the artist made sure

to send a significance that this object was extremely bright. To the left of the image in the upper corner we can see an object that looks like the sun.

Domenico Ghirlandaio's Madonna with Saint Giovannino is just one of numerous medieval paintings with bizarre, kind a disturbing-looking unidentified

flying objects soaring around in them.

6.Prophet Zechariah: Flipping Off The Religious Authority. The tension between Julius II and Michelangelo is well documented.

The authors note that Michelangelo portrayed the pope in effigy of the prophet Zechariah, and that one of the Angels located behind him

makes a extremely obscene gesture.

7.David and Goliath: Mystical Kabbalah Signs. Scanning through the arrangement of figures on the vast 14,000 square foot ceiling of

Sistine Chapel, the authors have found shapes that correspond to Hebrew letters. For example, the figures of David and Goliath form the

shape of the letter gimel, which symbolises "strength" in the mystical Kabbalah tradition. The authors believe Michelangelo picked up his

knowledge of Judaism while at the court of Lorenzo de Medici in Florence, and the entire Sistine Chapel, which they say is built to the

same proportions as the Holy Temple in Jerusalem, is a "lost mystical message of universal love" which was intended to be decoded.

8.Netherlandish Proverbs: 112 Netherlandish Idioms In The Scene. Netherlandish Proverbs is a 1559 oil-on-oak-panel painting by

Pieter Bruegel the Elder that depicts a land populated with literal renditions of Dutch proverbs of the day. There are approximately 112

identifiable idioms in the scene. Some are still in use today, amongst them: "swimming against the tide", "big fish eat little fish", "banging

one's head against a brick wall", and "armed to the teeth". Other proverbs indicate human stupidity. Some of the figures seem to represent

more than one figure of speech, such as the man shearing a sheep in the centre bottom left of the picture. He is sitting next to a man

shearing a pig, so represents the expression "one shears sheep and one shears pigs" meaning that one has the advantage over the other,

but he may also represent the advice "shear them but don't skin them" meaning make the most of your assets.

9.The Supper at Emmaus: A Code Of Silence Recognition For Christians. The Supper at Emmaus is a painting by the Italian Baroque

master Caravaggio. The painting depicts the moment when the resurrected but incognito Jesus, reveals himself to two of his disciples in the

town of Emmaus, only to soon vanish from their sight. The painting is unusual for the life-sized figures, the dark and blank background. The

table lays out a basket of food which teeters perilously over the edge. Is also astounding a shadow which seen like the figure of a fish. A fish

that may indicate a code of silence recognition for Christians.

10.Young Mozart's Portrait: Mason Signs. On the other hand, works of art are not spared the subject of Freemasonry. Portraits of people

that hide a hand may indicate his dedication to the cause or a level of hierarchy. Portraits as the anonymous (possibly from Antonio Lorenzoni)

of Mozart can be related.

Engineering a better artificial heart

Scientists at the Texas Heart Institute are working to create a permanent replacement for the human heart. The blades on this BiVACOR device rotate an average of 2,000 times per minute, pushing blood throughout the body without creating a pulse.

• Scientists at the Texas Heart Institute are working to create a permanent artificial heart
• The new heart device propels blood through the body, rather than pumps
• Two magnetic fields control the blades' oscillations, which rotate about 2,000 times a minute

(CNN) -- The human heart beats 60 to 100 times a minute, more than 86,000 times a day, 35 million times a year. A single beat pushes about 6 tablespoons of blood through the body.
An organ that works that hard is bound to fail, says Dr. Billy Cohn, a heart surgeon at the Texas Heart Institute. And he's right. Heart failure is the leading cause of death in men and women, killing more than 600,000 Americans every year.
For a lucky few, a heart transplant will add an average of 10 years to their lives. For others, technology that assists a failing heart -- called "bridge-to-transplant" devices -- will keep them alive as they wait for a donor heart.
Unfortunately, more often than not, the new heart doesn't arrive in time.
That's why Cohn and his mentor -- veteran heart surgeon Dr. O.H "Bud" Frazier -- are working to develop a long-term, artificial replacement for the failing human heart. Unlike existing short-term devices that emulate the beating organ, the new machine would propel blood through the body at a steady pace so that its recipients will have no heartbeat at all.
The concept of a pulseless heart is difficult to fathom. Cohn often compares it to the development of the airplane propeller. When people started to develop flying machines, he says, they first tried to emulate the way birds fly -- by flapping the wings aggressively.
"It wasn't until they decided, 'We can't do this the way Mother Nature did,' and came up with the rapidly spinning propeller that the Wright Brothers were able to fly," Cohn says.
Frazier began medical school in what he describes as "the Kennedy Era."
"We were going to the moon; we were going to achieve world peace," and Frazier wanted to develop the first artificial heart. In 1968, he left for Vietnam as a flight surgeon. Thirteen months later, his helicopter was shot down, and he nearly died.
"That experience convinced me I should stick to something more meaningful for the rest of my life."
That he did. The veteran surgeon, inventor and researcher has devoted the last half century to developing technologies to fix or replace the human heart, the most notable of which is the newest generation of continuous flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices, known as LVADs.
Modeled after an Archimedes Screw, a machine that raises water to fill irrigation ditches, the continuous flow LVAD is a pump that helps failing hearts push additional blood through the body with a rapidly spinning impeller.
Today, the continuous flow LVAD has been implanted in 20,000 people worldwide, including former Vice President Dick Cheney before he received a heart transplant nearly two years later.
In some cases, the LVAD's turbine has essentially taken over the pumping process entirely from the biological heart. In these instances, the implant recipient barely has any pulse at all.
Observing what happened in these patients led Frazier to one compelling question: If the LVAD can take over for a weakened heart, could it replace the organ entirely?
In 2004, Frazier asked Cohn to collaborate on a new research project. Cohn's interest in heart surgery dates back to when he was a young boy reading articles about world-renowned heart surgeons Dr. Michael E. Debakey and Dr. Denton Cooley, who developed and played a role in the transplant of the first artificial heart in a human in 1969.
Now the holder of some 70-odd U.S. patents, Cohn says his work with Frazier to build an artificial heart is the most ambitious project of his career.
The surgeons set out to combine two LVADs to replicate the functions of the heart's right and left ventricles. Using two commercially available LVAD turbines, Frazier and Cohn combined the devices with plastics and other material used for implants: hernia mesh, Dacron cardiovascular patches and medical silicone. Everything met FDA standards, but Cohn describes the final product as "rather kludged together."
The surgeons tested their invention by installing it in around 70 calves. All of the cows produced a flat line on an EKG, which measures heart electrical activity, yet they stood, ate and walked around, paying seemingly no notice to a small technicality: They had no heartbeat.
In order for the FDA to approve the device for clinical trials, the calves needed to live for at least one month. Cohn and Frazier's device trumped these standards, with many calves living healthily for full 90-day studies.
Cohn and Frazier were encouraged, and in March 2011, put their artificial heart into a human patient.
Craig Lewis, 55, was admitted to the Texas Heart Institute with amyloidosis, a rare autoimmune disease that fills internal organs with a viscous protein that causes rapid heart, kidney and liver failure. Without some intervention, Lewis would have been dead in days. Frazier and Cohn decided it was the right moment to test their device and the surgeons undertook the lengthy procedure.
Less than 48 hours later, Lewis was sitting up, talking and using his laptop. When doctors put the stethoscope to Lewis's heart, all they heard was a steady whir of what sounded like a boat propeller. Lewis survived for six weeks until his failing kidneys and liver got the best of him and his family asked doctors to unplug the device.

I quickly realized this is the most sophisticated and elegant device I've ever seen, Dr. Billy Cohn

Lewis's case proved what Frazier and Cohn had dreamed of for nearly half a century: Humans can indeed survive without a pulse.
But there are some potential downsides to having a heart that doesn't beat.
Michael Garippa, CEO of the first-ever FDA approved mechanical artificial heart, the Syncardia, says beating "up the blood in a blender" can activate internal bleeding in other organs. Gastrointestinal bleeding and strokes are a high risk for patients on other heart assist devices, he says.
Cohn describes the Syncardia, which has been transplanted in nearly 1,300 people to date as a "brilliant and elegant device," but the device is for short-term use only and is cumbersome. Patients "have to carry around a compressor and have two air hoses going in and out of your chest."
Frazier and Cohn see a pulseless device as the only compromise to develop an artificial heart that is both efficient and long-term.
Two years ago, Daniel Timms, a 35-year-old Australian biomedical engineer, made an Australian government funded trip to Houston, stumbling through the door of Cohn's office at the Texas Heart Institute. Timms was wearing blue jeans and a T-shirt and carrying a heart device he had been working on for the past 10 years in his backpack.
Cohn was skeptical at first: "A lot of people come to our door with devices and prototypes, and they range from moderately interesting to laughably stupid. ... My expectations were very low. He pulls this thing out and starts telling me about it, and I quickly realized this is the most sophisticated and elegant device I've ever seen."
Made up of one moving part that rotates within a can-like exterior no bigger than a fist, the device has a large and small blade on opposing sides of the rotor. The small blade pushes blood through the heart's right chamber, to the lungs, and the larger blade pumps out blood through the left chamber to the rest of the body.
What fascinated the two surgeons most was that the device operates by being suspended in a powerful magnetic field, which prevents the wear and tear common in technology designed for pumping blood. Two magnetic fields also control the blades' oscillations, which each rotate an average of 2,000 times a minute depending on whether a person is standing, sitting up, exercising or coughing.
The excitement over the technology drew a $2.4 million donation from Houston furniture store owner, James Mackingvale, allowing Timms and a team of seven researchers from Australia, Germany, Japan and Brazil to relocate to Houston in January to collaborate with the Texas Heart Institute.

Timms' group also brought a 3-D printer, which enables the medical staff to quickly make its own parts for the artificial heart. Within days, the doctors can print a new part that pumps the blood and then can evaluate its performance, a process that once took months.

In July, the doctors even tried a plastic 3-D printed version on a calf. The calf survived for a number of days and was able to move around. They're now working on a titanium version of the device as a prototype for a more durable technology. Once that device is developed, they will begin animal testing, measuring the results to determine whether the technology is ready to propose implanting into terminally ill human patients.

If all goes well, Cohn, Frazier and Timms would be able to submit the device for FDA approval within the next few years.

Frazier believes this artificial heart will save a lot of patients he loses today, particularly those who suffer from premature heart failure.

"This is not something ready for prime-time yet," he says, but for those suffering now "we hope to give them hope."

THE BIT OF HISTORY

Some politicians are shrewd enough to gauge the true motives of neighboring countries from their postures. Sardar Patel was one such politician whose premonitions and predictions have come out true now. But, unfortunately his views were not given the required consideration and his wisdom was never utilized by the Indian government properly.

THE BITE OF HISTORY

Letter from Deputy Prime Minister, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel to Secretary-General of External Affairs Ministry Sir Girja Shankar Bajpai in 1950 on Tibet.

NEW DELHI
4 November 1950

My Dear Sir Girja,

Thank you for your letter of the 3rd November 1950. I am sending herewith the note which you were good enough to send me. I need hardly say that I have read it with a great deal of interest and profit to myself and it has resulted in a much better understanding of the points at issue and general though serious nature of the problem.

The Chinese advance into Tibet upsets all our security calculations. Hitherto, the danger to India on its land frontiers has always come from the North-West. Throughout history we have concentrated our armed might in that region. For the first time, a serious danger is now developing on the North and North-East side; at the same time, our danger from the West or North-West is in no way lessened. This creates most embarrassing defense problems and I entirely agree with you that a reconsideration of our military position and a redisposition of our forces are inescapable.

Regarding Communists, again the position requires a great deal of thought. Hitherto, the smuggling of arms, literature, etc. across the difficult Burmese and Pakistan frontier on the East or along the sea was our only danger. We shall now have to guard our Northern and North-eastern approaches also. Unfortunately, all these approaches-Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim and the tribal areas in Assam-are weak spots both from the point of view of communications and police protection and also established loyalty to India.

Even Darjeeling and Kalimpong area is by no means free from pro-Mongolian prejudices. The Nagas and other hill tribes in Assam have hardly had any contact with Indians. European missionaries and other visitors have been in touch with them, but their influence was, by no means, friendly to India and Indians. In Sikkim, there was political ferment some time ago. It seems to me there is ample scope for trouble and discontent in that small State.

Bhutan is comparatively quiet, but its affinity with Tibetans would be a handicap. Nepal (we all know too well, a weak oligarchic regime based almost entirely on force) is in conflict with an enlightened section of the people as well as enlightened ideas of the modern age. Added to this weak position, there is the irredentism of the Chinese. The political ambitions of the Chinese by themselves might not have mattered so much; but when they are combined with discontent in these areas, absence of close contact with Indians and Communist ideology the difficulty of the position increases manifold. We have also to bear in mind that boundary disputes, which have many times in history been the cause of international conflicts, can be exploited by Communist China and its source of inspiration, Soviet Russia, for a prolonged war of nerves, culminating at the appropriate time, in armed conflict.

We have also so take note of a thoroughly unscrupulous, unreliable and determined power practically at our doors. In your very illuminating survey of what has passed between us and the Chinese Government through our Ambassador, you have made out an unanswerable case for treating the Chinese with the greatest suspicion. What I have said above, in my judgment, entitles us to treat them with a certain amount of hostility, let alone a great deal of circumspection. In these circumstances, one thing, to my mind, is quite clear; and, that is, that we cannot be friendly with China and must think in terms of defense against a determined, calculating, unscrupulous, ruthless, unprincipled and prejudiced combination of powers, of which the Chinese will be the spearhead. There might be from them outward offers or protestations of friendship, but in that will be concealed an ultimate hideous design of ideological and even political conquest into their bloc. It is equally obvious to me that any friendly or appeasing approaches from us would either be mistaken for weakness or would be exploited in furtherance of their ultimate aim. It is this general attitude which must determine the other specific questions which you have so admirably stated. I am giving serious consideration to those problems and it is possible I may discuss this matter with you once more.

Yours sincerely,

VALLABHBHAI PATEL

Sir Girja Shankar Bajpai, I.C.S.,
Secretary-General, External Affairs Ministry,
New Delhi.

.

The letter throws light on the thought process of the Indian government vis-a-vis Tibet and China in the initial years after the independence.

The letter is sourced from Claude Arpi’s collections of historical documents pertaining to India.

Letter from Deputy Prime Minister, Sardar Vhallabhbhai Patel to Prime Minister Jahawarlal Nehru

New Delhi
7 November 1950

My dear Jawaharlal,

1. Ever since my return from Ahmedabad and after the cabinet meeting the same day which I had to attend practically at 15 minutes’ notice and for which I regret I was not able to read all the papers, I have been anxiously thinking over the problem of Tibet and thought I should share with you what is passing through my mind.

2. I have carefully gone through the correspondence between the External Affairs Ministry and our Ambassador in Peking and through him the Chinese Government. I have tried to peruse this correspondence as favourably to our Ambassador and the Chinese Government as possible, but I regret to say that neither of them comes out well as a result of this study. The Chinese Government has tried to delude us by professions of peaceful intention. My own feeling is that at a crucial period they managed to instill into our Ambassador a false sense of confidence in their so-called desire to settle the Tibetan problem by peaceful means. There can be no doubt that during the period covered by this correspondence the Chinese must have been concentrating for an onslaught on Tibet. The final action of the Chinese, in my judgement, is little short of perfidy. The tragedy of it is that the Tibetans put faith in us; they chose to be guided by us; and we have been unable to get them out of the meshes of Chinese diplomacy or Chinese malevolence. From the latest position, it appears that we shall not be able to rescue the Dalai Lama. Our Ambassador has been at great pains to find an explanation or justification for Chinese policy and actions. As the External Affairs Ministry remarked in one of their telegrams, there was a lack of firmness and unnecessary apology in one or two representations that he made to the Chinese Government on our behalf. It is impossible to imagine any sensible person believing in the so-called threat to China from Anglo-American machinations in Tibet. Therefore, if the Chinese put faith in this, they must have distrusted us so completely as to have taken us as tools or stooges of Anglo-American diplomacy or strategy. This feeling, if genuinely entertained by the Chinese in spite of your direct approaches to them, indicates that even though we regard ourselves as the friends of China, the Chinese do not regard us as their friends. With the Communist mentality of “whoever is not with them being against them”, this is a significant pointer, of which we have to take due note. During the last several months, outside the Russian camp, we have practically been alone in championing the cause of Chinese entry into UN and in securing from the Americans assurances on the question of Formosa. We have done everything we could to assuage Chinese feelings, to allay its apprehensions and to defend its legitimate claims in our discussions and correspondence with America and Britain and in the UN. Inspite of this, China is not convinced about our disinterestedness; it continues to regard us with suspicion and the whole psychology is one, at least outwardly, of scepticism perhaps mixed with a little hostility. I doubt if we can go any further than we have done already to convince China of our good intentions, friendliness and goodwill. In Peking we have an Ambassador who is eminently suitable for putting across the friendly point of view. Even he seems to have failed to convert the Chinese. Their last telegram to us is an act of gross discourtesy not only in the summary way it disposes of our protest against the entry of Chinese forces into Tibet but also in the wild insinuation that our attitude is determined by foreign influences. It looks as though it is not a friend speaking in that language but a potential enemy.

3. In the background of this, we have to consider what new situation now faces us as a result of the disappearance of Tibet, as we knew it, and the expansion of China almost up to our gates. Throughout history we have seldom been worried about our north-east frontier. The Himalayas have been regarded as an impenetrable barrier against any threat from the north. We had a friendly Tibet which gave us no trouble. The Chinese were divided. They had their own domestic problems and never bothered us about frontiers. In 1914, we entered into a convention with Tibet which was not endorsed by the Chinese. We seem to have regarded Tibetan autonomy as extending to independent treaty relationship. Presumably, all that we required was Chinese counter-signature. The Chinese interpretation of suzerainty seems to be different. We can, therefore, safely assume that very soon they will disown all the stipulations which Tibet has entered into with us in the past. That throws into the melting pot all frontier and commercial settlements with Tibet on which we have been functioning and acting during the last half a century. China is no longer divided. It is united and strong. All along the Himalayas in the north and north-east, we have on our side of the frontier a population ethnologically and culturally not different from Tibetans and Mongoloids. The undefined state of the frontier and the existence on our side of a population with its affinities to the Tibetans or Chinese have all the elements of the potential trouble between China and ourselves. Recent and bitter history also tells us that Communism is no shield against imperialism and that the communists are as good or as bad imperialists as any other. Chinese ambitions in this respect not only cover the Himalayan slopes on our side but also include the important part of Assam. They have their ambitions in Burma also. Burma has the added difficulty that it has no McMahon Line round which to build up even the semblance of an agreement. Chinese irredentism and communist imperialism are different from the expansionism or imperialism of the western powers. The former has a cloak of ideology which makes it ten times more dangerous. In the guise of ideological expansion lie concealed racial, national or historical claims. The danger from the north and north-east, therefore, becomes both communist and imperialist. While our western and north-western threat to security is still as prominent as before, a new threat has developed from the north and north-east. Thus, for the first time, after centuries, India’s defence has to concentrate itself on two fronts simultaneously. Our defence measures have so far been based on the calculations of superiority over Pakistan. In our calculations we shall now have to reckon with communist China in the north and in the north-east, a communist China which has definite ambitions and aims and which does not, in any way, seem friendly disposed towards us.

4. Let us also consider the political conditions on this potentially troublesome frontier. Our northern and north-eastern approaches consist of Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim, Darjeeling and the tribal areas in Assam. From the point of view of communication, there are weak spots. Continuous defensive lines do not exist. There is almost an unlimited scope for infiltration. Police protection is limited to a very small number of passes. There, too, our outposts do not seem to be fully manned. The contact of these areas with us is by no means close and intimate. The people inhabiting these portions have no established loyalty or devotion to India. Even Darjeeling and Kalimpong areas are not free from pro-Mongoloid prejudices. During the last three years, we have not been able to make any appreciable approaches to the Nagas and other hill tribes in Assam. European missionaries and other visitors had been in touch with them, but their influence was in no way friendly to India or Indians. In Sikkim, there was political ferment some time ago. It is quite possible that discontent is smouldering there. Bhutan is comparatively quiet, but its affinity with Tibetans would be a handicap. Nepal has a weak oligarchic regime based almost entirely on force: it is in conflict with a turbulent element of the population as well as with enlightened ideas of the modern age. In these circumstances, to make people alive to the new danger or to make them defensively strong is a very difficult task indeed and that difficulty can be got over only by enlightened firmness, strength and a clear line of policy. I am sure the Chinese and their source of inspiration, Soviet Union, would not miss any opportunity of exploiting these weak spots, partly in support of their ideology and partly in support of their ambitions. In my judgement the situation is one which we cannot afford either to be complacent or to be vacillating. We must have a clear idea of what we wish to achieve and also of the methods by which we should achieve it. Any faltering or lack of decisiveness in formulating our objectives or in pursuing our policies to attain those objectives is bound to weaken us and increase the threats which are so evident.

5. Side by side with these external dangers, we shall now have to face serious internal problems as well. I have already asked (HVR) lyengar to send to the F.A. Ministry a copy of the Intelligence Bureau’s appreciation of these matters. Hitherto, the Communist Party of India has found some difficulty in contacting communists abroad, or in getting supplies of arms, literature, etc. from them. They had to contend with the difficult Burmese and Pakistan frontiers on the East with the long sea board. They shall now have a comparatively easy means of access to Chinese communists and through them to other foreign communists. Infiltration of spies, fifth columnists and communists would now be easier. Instead of having to deal with isolated communist pockets in Telengana and Warangal we may have to deal communist threats to our security along our Northern and North-eastern frontiers where, for supplies of arms and ammunition, they can safely depend on communist arsenals in China. The whole situation thus raises a number of problems on which we must come to early decision so that we can, as I said earlier, formulate the objectives of our policy and decide the method by which those objectives are to be attained. It is also clear that the action will have to be fairly comprehensive, involving not only our defense strategy and state of preparations but also problem of internal security to deal with which we have not a moment to lose. We shall also have to deal with administrative and political problem in the weak spots along the frontier to which I have already referred.

6. It is of course, impossible to be exhaustive in setting out all these problems. I am, however, giving below some of the problems which, in my opinion, require early solution and round which we have to build our administrative or military policies and measures to implement them.

• A Military and Intelligence appreciation of the Chinese threat to India both on the frontier and internal security.

• An examination of military position and such redisposition of our forces as might be necessary, particularly with the idea of guarding important routes or areas which are likely to be the subject of dispute.

• An appraisement of strength of our forces and, if necessary, reconsideration of our retrenchment plans to the Army in the light of the new threat.

• A long-term consideration of our defense needs. My own feeling is that, unless we assure our supplies of arms, ammunition and armour, we should be making a defense position perpetually weak and we would not be able to stand up to the double threat of difficulties both from the West and North-West and North and North-East.

• The question of Chinese entry into UNO. In view of rebuff China has given us and the method which it has followed in dealing with Tibet, I am doubtful whether we can advocate its claims any longer. There would probably be a threat in the UNO virtually to outlaw China in view of its active participation in Korean War. We must determine our attitude on this question also.

• The political and administrative steps which we should take to strengthen our Northern and North-Eastern frontier. This would include all of the border, i.e. Nepal, Bhutan. Sikkim. Darjeeling and tribal territory of Assam.

• Measure of internal security in the border areas as well as the states flanking those areas such as U.P., Bihar, Bengal and Assam.

• Improvement of our communication, road, rail, air and wireless with these areas and with the frontier outposts.

• The future of our mission at Lhasa and the trade post of Gyantse and Yatung and the forces which we have in operation in Tibet guarding trade routes.

• The policies in regard to the McMahon Line.

These are some of the questions which occur to my mind. It is possible that a consideration of these matters might lead us into the wider question of our relationship with China, Russia. America, Britain and Burma. This, however, would be of a general nature, though some might be basically very important. i.e. we might have to consider whether we should not enter into closer association with Burma in order to strengthen the latter in its dealings with China. I do not rule out the possibility that, before applying pressure on us, China might apply pressure on Burma. With Burma, the frontier is entirely undefined and the Chinese territorial claims are more substantial. In its present position, Burma might offer an easier problem to China, and therefore, might claim its first attention.

I suggest that we meet early to have a general discussion on these problems and decide on such steps as we might think to be immediately necessary and direct, and a quick examination of other problems, with a view to taking early measures to deal with them.

Yours,
Vallabhbhai Patel

22 Excellent Reasons To Drink Whiskey

1. Whiskey is low-carb and fat-free, so your thighs will thank you.

One shot has zero fat and .04 carbs, guys…so you can wear your skinny jeans and drink a highball too.

2. The word whiskey means “water of life.”

Whiskey comes from the Gaelic word “Uisge Beatha,” which means “water of life.” That phonetically became “usky,” and eventually was pronounced as “whiskey.” Drink that water, friends!

3. In frontier country, whiskey was as valuable as gold.

In 18th century Pennsylvania, the favored currency was whiskey — which was used for cooking, medicine, and drinking, among other things. That whiskey loyalty would eventually lead to the 1794 Whiskey Rebellion, where farmers fought against the taxes that threatened their liquor livelihood. That’s a fight worth fighting, if you ask me.

4. Whiskey can help prevent cancer.

In 2005, Dr. Jim Swan,speaking at the EuroMedLab conference in Glasgow, said, “Research has shown that there are even greater health benefits to people who drink single-malt whiskies. Why? Single-malt whiskies have more ellagic acid than red wine.”

That ellagic acid, also found in most fruits, is an antioxidant that may absorb rogue cancer cells in the body. More research needs to be made to make this conclusive, but let’s drink up and hope Dr. Swan is correct.

5. Drinking whiskey can lower your risk of having a stroke.

To be clear, drinking large amounts of alcohol is related to a higher incidence of stroke. However, if you can master the art of moderate consumption — meaning one drink a day — that may provide protection against an ischemic stroke. In fact, having one drink per day is better than no drinks per day when it comes to protecting against ischemic stroke.

6. It also may reduce your risk of developing heart disease.

A 1998 study found that a big shot of whiskey can help protect against heart disease, and boost the body’s defenses against disease by raising the body’s level of antioxidants.

7. Drinking one to six glasses of whiskey a week can lower an adult’s risk of dementia.

A 2003 case study with the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center found that the odds of incident dementia were lower among those adults who consumed moderate alcohol, rather than none at all!

8. Hillary Clinton chugs whiskey on the regular.

And we all wanna be like Hillary.

9. Winston Churchill drank whiskey and water for breakfast…and lead a nation through World War II.

The whiskey soda washed down his eggs and cigar, naturally.

10. And Jack Donaghy uses it to help him rule over Kabletown.

11. Oh, and did I mention that Mark Twain was a big fan?

12. A closed bottle of whiskey will be good for 100 years.

And after you open a bottle of whiskey, a half-full bottle will remain good for five years.

13. Drinking whiskey is the American thing to do; Tennessee and Kentucky are two of the world’s primary whiskey-distilling regions.

Bourbons like Maker’s Mark and Wild Turkey are made in Kentucky, while Tennessee is home to Jack Daniel’s.

14. There are over 5,000 types of single-malt whiskey, and they’re not going to try themselves.

We all have a lot of drinking to do.

15. Whiskey might be the smartest investment you’ll ever make. Probably.

Unlike wine, whose taste deteriorates in the bottle, the fact that whiskey lasts almost forever means its value can appreciate in a big way. So, instead of that 401k plan, just buy a couple of rare bottles and watch their value soar! (It’s a whole lot more fun that way too.)

16. George Washington, the father of America, also founded one of the country’s largest whiskey distilleries..

So whiskey-drinking is basically in the Constitution.

After his term as the first president of the United States ended in 1797, Washington’s Scottish farm manager encouraged him to build a whiskey distillery. It was the largest of its kind in America, producing 11,000 gallons of whiskey in 1799.

17. Whiskey was originally crafted only by monks, making it a holy spirit.

(LOL, SPIRIT, get it?) That practice changed in 1541, when King Henry VIII dissolved all of their liquor-ridden monasteries. Poor sober monks.

18. Cold is no match for whiskey; even below-freezing temperatures won’t freeze it.

Nothing proved that more than when a crate of 100-year-old whiskey was unearthed in Antarctica. And even though it suffered through the -30 Celsius temperatures, the bottles and liquor were all in great condition.

19. Whiskey is measured in “fingers” — your body is the only pouring tool you need!

To measure out whiskey, all you have to do is hold your finger horizontally against the glass and pour out a finger’s width. Or two, if you’re feeling frisky.

20. Did I mention that whiskey looks GREAT on bars?

21. Especially if it’s served with a bacon garnish.

22. But let’s be honest: The very best reason to drink whiskey is because it’s delicious.

Simply put, the more you drink the more you will like it.